What can network virtualization offer an organization?

In Windows Server 2012, network virtualization technology (Network Virtualization, NV) has appeared, providing the possibility of virtualization at a fundamentally new level, the network segment level. Unlike the usual server virtualization, NV allows you to virtualize IP subnets and completely hide the real IP address used in your infrastructure. In this case, VMs can still interact with each other, physical hosts, and hosts on different subnets.

What is network virtualization for?


In the case of server virtualization with a few reservations, the OS inside the VM works like it was installed on a physical server and was the only OS on this equipment. Such abstraction allows you to run several isolated instances of virtual servers on the same physical. By analogy, network virtualization leads to the fact that a virtual network, or rather, in this context, a virtualized system, functions as if it were a physical network. An organization will benefit from using network visualization in the following ways.
 1. Greater flexibility in the placement of VMs within the data center.

Network virtualization provides some freedom when deploying VMs within the data center. In particular, VM placement involves setting up an IP address corresponding to a physical network segment and setting up a VLAN to provide isolation.

2.Live Migration outside the subnet.

VM dynamic migration is limited to the limits of an IP subnet (or VLAN). If you migrate VMs to another subnet, you will need to reconfigure the IP inside the guest OS with all the ensuing consequences.

 3. Increased utilization of physical hosts and networks.

The lack of dependence on IP addressing and VLANs allows you to load physical hosts more evenly and utilize available resources. It should be noted that NV supports VLANs, and you can combine both methods of isolation, for example, by isolating NV traffic in a dedicated VLAN for this purpose.

4. Hyper-V Network Virtualization Concept


When configuring NV, a pair of IP addresses is associated with each virtual network adapter (vNIC):
  • The address of the customer. It is the address configured by the customer inside the VM. This address is visible for the VM and OS. The VM address is visible for the customer's infrastructure, and it does not change when the VM moves within the data center, or beyond it.
  • Location provider (Provider Address, PA). The address assigned by the data center administrator or hoster, based on the physical network infrastructure. This address is used when sending packets over the network between Hyper-V hosts running VMs and NV technology configured. This address is visible in the physical network segment, but not visible for the VM and the guest OS.

Thus, network virtualization ultimately boils down to virtualizing the addresses used by virtual machines. In turn, address virtualization in Hyper-V Windows Server 2012 is possible using two mechanisms: Generic Routing Encapsulation and IP Rewrite.

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